Silver nitrate
Silver nitrate
CAS: 7761-88-8
Molecular Formula: AgNO3
Silver nitrate - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Silver nitrate |
| Synonyms | Silver nitrate Silver(I) nitrate Silver Nitrate BP silver(1+) nitrate Silver nitrate solution SilvernitrateACSwhitextl Silver Nitrate Solution, 0.1N SilvernitratePURATREMwhitextl Silver ICP standard solution Fluka Silver Ion standard solution Fluka |
| CAS | 7761-88-8 |
| EINECS | 231-853-9 |
| InChI | InChI=1/Ag.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1 |
| InChIKey | SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Silver nitrate - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | AgNO3 |
| Molar Mass | 169.87 |
| Density | 4.35g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 212 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 444°C |
| Flash Point | 40°C |
| Water Solubility | 219 g/100 mL (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | H2O: soluble |
| Vapor Presure | 17.535 mm of Hg (@ 20°C) |
| Vapor Density | 5.8 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Color | White |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 0.01 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 10 mg/m3; TWA 0.01 mg/m3 |
| Merck | 14,8518 |
| PH | 5.4-6.4 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Sensitive | Light Sensitive |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Properties: colorless transparent orthorhombic flaky crystals. melting point 208.6 ℃ relative density 4.35(19 ℃) soluble in water and ammonia, soluble in ether and glycerol, slightly soluble in ethanol, almost insoluble in concentrated nitric acid. Its aqueous solution is weakly acidic. |
| Use | Used as silver salt raw materials, photosensitive materials, preservatives, catalysts, also used in silver plating, Mirror and other industries |
Silver nitrate - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R34 - Causes burns R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R8 - Contact with combustible material may cause fire R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R35 - Causes severe burns R10 - Flammable R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. R22 - Harmful if swallowed |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S27 - Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. S57 - Use appropriate container to avoid environmental contamination. S37 - Wear suitable gloves. |
| UN IDs | UN 1493 5.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | VW4725000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28432100 |
| Hazard Class | 5.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 oral in rat: 1173mg/kg |
Silver nitrate - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Nitric acid Silver atomic absorption standard solution |
| Downstream Products | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt Silver oxide |
Silver nitrate - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless transparent block crystal or white crystal. The relative density is 4. 352 (19 °c); Melting point 212 °c. Toxic and corrosive. Soluble in water, ethanol, ammonia, ether-soluble, glycerol. Stable in pure dry air, when heated to 450 °c, it decomposes into silver, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. Neutral reaction with water or ethanol solution. Photosensitive. Inorganic oxidants. When combustible materials are on fire, they can contribute to the fire.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Silver nitrate - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
industrial production of silver nitrate is generally prepared by the reaction of silver and concentrated nitric acid.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:59:01
Silver nitrate - Use
Open Data Verified Data
used in photographic emulsion, silver plating, mirror making, printing, medicine, hair dyeing, electronics industry, etc. It is used in the manufacture of X-ray film, film film and photographic film in the photographic industry. In the electronics industry, it is used to prepare various new gas purification agents, conductive adhesives, AgX molecular sieves, etc., and also used to produce silver-zinc batteries, electronic components and crafts, silver plating, corrosion agents, fungicides, it is also used as a starting material for analytical reagents and other silver salts.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:59:02
Silver nitrate - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
mouse oral LDso:50mg/kg. Accidental administration of silver nitrate can cause severe Abdominal Pain, Vomit, blood in the stool, and even gastrointestinal perforation. It is corrosive and can cause skin and eye burns. Workers with long-term exposure to this product will develop generalized psoriasis. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Avoid light. It shall not be mixed with acids, flammable materials, organic materials, reducing agents, spontaneous combustion materials, wet flammable materials and so on.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:59:02
Silver nitrate - Reference Information
| pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration | 7 - 9 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| function | Silver nitrate is the most important compound of silver, colorless transparent crystal or white crystalline powder at room temperature, odorless, bitter, metallic. Soluble in water, easily soluble in ammonia, the formation of silver ammonia ion [Ag(NH3)2]+. By strong heat or direct exposure to sunlight, that is, the gradual decomposition, AgNO3, whether solid or aqueous solution must be stored in brown glass bottles. The solid or its aqueous solution is oxidizing, and many organic substances can reduce it to black silver powder at room temperature. When the protein is encountered, it produces a precipitate, which has a destructive effect on the organic tissue. Silver nitrate is the raw material for the preparation of silver mirror, a large number of silver halide used in the manufacture of photosensitive materials, is also an important analytical reagent, can analyze Cl-,Br-,I-,CN-,SCN-plasma. After adding ammonia solution can also test many organic reducing agents, such as aldehydes, sugars and some acids, for inorganic silver salts, in solution dissociated silver ions, sterilization, corrosion, convergence. Dilute solution has antibacterial, convergence, The concentrated solution has a corrosive effect. It is used as a disinfectant and corrosive agent in medicine. 10% silver nitrate solution can also corrode the oral ulcer surface, polyps, and the granulation tissue and necrotic tissue on the inner wall of necrotic gingivitis and purulent periodontal pocket. Recent studies have shown that air containing highly toxic arsine AsH3 is passed through a nitric acid solution of 5% silver nitrate, and the resulting gas is completely free of arsine. It is also an important substance for air purification. AgNO3 can be prepared by dissolving silver in dilute nitric acid and then evaporating and crystallizing. |
| silver compound | Silver nitrate is the most important compound of silver, which is widely used in the manufacture of silver halide on photosensitive materials, pure Silver nitrate crystals are stable to light and easily reduced to black metal silver in the presence of organic matter. Wet silver nitrate and silver nitrate solution are easy to decompose in light. Silver nitrate as oxidant, and can make the protein coagulation, corrosive effect on the human body. Relative density of 4.35 (19/4 ℃), melting point of 212 ℃, heat to 444 ℃ decomposition into metal silver, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. In the porcelain crucible, the light yellow liquid is heated and melted, and then condensed into white crystals after cold. If the temperature is increased again, the Brown vapor of nitrogen oxide is slowly decomposed. When an aqueous silver nitrate solution is passed through an electric current, metallic silver is precipitated on the negative electrode. Silver nitrate is soluble in water and ammonia, slightly soluble in alcohol, difficult to dissolve in acetone, benzene, almost insoluble in concentrated sulfuric acid. Its aqueous solution is weakly acidic (pH = 5~6), and silver nitrate can be reduced to form a "silver mirror" when it meets glucose, formaldehyde and the like in an aqueous solution containing ammonia ". Zinc, cadmium, tin, lead, copper and other metals are easy to replace silver in silver nitrate solution. Silver nitrate is mixed with sulfur, and a slight explosion can occur with a hammer. Silver nitrate is an inorganic silver salt, which dissociates silver ions in solution and has the effects of sterilization, corrosion, corrosion and convergence. Dilute solution has antibacterial and convergence effect, and concentrated solution has corrosion effect. Local application of silver ions can be combined with bacterial protein, the formation of protein silver precipitation, bactericidal effect. Can be used for dentine hypersensitivity, mucosal ulcers, caries and cavity Disinfection. |
| Chemical reaction | silver nitrate can precipitate or coordinate with a series of reagents: react with hydrogen sulfide, the black silver sulfide Ag2S precipitate was formed; It reacted with potassium chromate to form red-brown silver chromate Ag2CrO4 precipitate; It reacted with disodium hydrogen phosphate to form yellow silver phosphate Ag3PO4 precipitate; reacts with halogen ions to form silver halide AgX precipitate; Reacts with alkali to form Brown black silver oxide Ag2O precipitate; Can react with NH3, CN-, SCN-, s2O3 and other reactions, the formation of various complex ions, such as: Ag(NH3)2OH, Ag[Ag(CN)2], [Ag(SCN)2]-, [Ag(S2O3)2]3-and so on; React with oxalate ion C2O to form white oxalate Ag2C2O4 precipitate and so on. Silver nitrate is also a medium-strong oxidizing agent, which can be reduced to elemental silver by many medium-strong or strong reducing agents. both hydrazine (N2H4) and phosphorous acid can reduce Ag to metallic silver. The reaction equation is (1)N2H4 4AgNO3-→ 4Ag N2 4HNO3;(2) h3PO3 2AgNO3 H2O-→ 2Ag H3PO4 2HNO3 |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | grams dissolved per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 122g/0 ℃;167g/10 ℃;216g/20 ℃;265g/30 ℃;311G/40 ℃; 440g/60 ℃;585g/80 ℃;652g/90 ℃;733g/100 ℃ |
| usage and dosage | 0.5% ~ 1% eye drops for prevention of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and acute conjunctivitis in neonates, after the drop with sterile saline rinse, has been less used. 2, 0.5% solution made of dressings, for II and III degree large area burns after debridement, to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus and other Gram-negative bacteria infection. 3, 5%~ 10% Solution for cauterizing oral mucosal ulcer. 4, 20% solution for the treatment of cervical erosion. 5. Silver nitrate rod was used to corrode granulation tissue and warts with excessive growth of wound surface. Local application of high concentration solution and silver nitrate Rod cauterization or corrosion, should be immediately washed with normal saline, remove the residue, so as not to damage the adjacent tissue. When used locally, silver ions are absorbed in small amounts from the mucous membranes and the burn site. |
| toxicity | has corrosive and astringent effects on skin and mucous membranes, and the skin turns dark when exposed to silver nitrate light, and prone to inflammation, such as skin contaminated with silver nitrate, can be used to remove iodine light, if the skin is injured due to contact, can be immersed in salt water wash. Production personnel should wear masks, cotton clothes, latex gloves and other protective equipment when working, should wash clothes. The production equipment should be closed, and the workshop should be well ventilated. Silver nitrate reacts with acetylene to produce silver acetylene, which is subject to slight friction and explosion under dry conditions. Therefore, it is strictly prohibited to bring calcium carbide paste or acetylene gas into the workshop during equipment maintenance. |
| Use | used as raw material of silver salt, photosensitive material, preservative, Catalyst, also used for silver plating, used as analytical reagent in the manufacture of photographic emulsion photosensitive materials such as film, X-ray film and photographic film. The electronics industry is used to manufacture conductive adhesives, Gas scavengers, and silver plating of electronic components. Silver-plated materials used in the manufacture of mirrors and insulation bottles, silver-plated compression suits and gloves for live work, and silver-plated for other crafts. The battery industry is used to produce silver-zinc batteries, which are used as sterilization and corrosion agents in medicine. The daily chemical industry is used in the manufacture of dyeing hair shampoos. It is also used in the manufacture of other silver salts and catalysts. for cyanide-free silver plating, such as sulfuric acid silver plating, hydrochloric acid silver plating, ammonium iminodisulfonate silver plating, sulfosalicylic acid silver plating as the main salt. Is the source of silver ions. The content of silver nitrate has a certain effect on the conductivity, dispersion and precipitation rate of silver plating bath. The general dosage of 25~50g/L. used in the manufacture of photographic films, mirrors and hot water bottles; Used in silver plating, printing, pharmaceutical and electronic industries; Used in analytical reagents such as chloride, bromide, iodide, cyanide and thiocyanate and determination of manganese catalyst; Preparation of silver salt used in the manufacture of photographic film, mirror and hot water bottle, also used in silver plating, printing, medicine and electronics industry. It is also used for the analysis of reagents and the preparation of silver salts. |
| production method | put the clean silver block into the reaction kettle, add distilled water first, then add concentrated nitric acid, the nitric acid concentration was adjusted to about 60% to 65 μm. The heating rate was controlled so that the reaction was not too intense. When heated to above 100 ℃, the vapor pressure was maintained at 0.2 MPa, and the reaction time was 2-3 h. The nitrogen oxide gas was allowed to escape. The feed liquid was pumped to the storage tank and diluted with distilled water to a relative density of 1.6-1.7. The mixture was cooled and allowed to stand for 10 h, and impurities such as AgCl were removed by filtration. The clear liquid is sent to the evaporator for evaporation under reduced pressure at a pH of about 1. The crystallization was cooled and the product was dried under vacuum. The Silver block is rinsed with distilled water to remove surface contaminants, and then added to a reactor heated with a jacket. Distilled water is added first, and then concentrated nitric acid is added to make the nitric acid concentration about 60%-65%, the rate of acid addition should be controlled so that the reaction is not excessive. The nitrogen oxide gas was evolved by heating to a temperature above 100 °c. The reaction solution was diluted with distilled water to a relative density of 1.6-1.7, cooled and allowed to stand for 10-16h, and impurities such as Silver sulfate and bismuth sulfate were removed by filtration. The clear liquid is evaporated under reduced pressure, and after the solution is concentrated to the liquid surface, the liquid is sent to the crystallizer, and the silver nitrate product is prepared by standing, cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation and drying at 90 °c. Ag +2HNO3 → AgNO3 + H2O + NO2 |
| category | oxidant |
| toxicity grade | high toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 1173 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 50 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | eye-rabbit 1 mg severe |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammability in case of organic |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from fuel and organic matter |
| extinguishing agent | Water |
| Occupational Standard | TLV-TWA 0.01 mg (silver)/m3; Tel 0.03 mg (Silver)/M3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-25 12:02:58
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